Flowcharts
They are topological, graph-based constructions that are often filled with program text.
The control logic of the program is shown through simple branches and loops.
They are usually generated by analysts as a specification to programmers, who then convert the charts into source code.
However, for large systems, they can get messy, spanning in many pages as decisions have many branches.
Goldstine claims he created the first flowchart for computers in 1947, while working with Von Neumann.
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